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斑马为什么有条纹?我们解释 - Practical Tips

斑马为什么有条纹?我们解释

by Flo

如果你已经能够解释斑马为什么会有条纹,那么你就不应该错过关于这一现象的最新发现。

斑马为什么会有条纹

许多研究野生动物的人都知道,斑马身上的条纹是为了迷惑其他想要攻击斑马的动物。

  • 斑马一旦感觉到危险,就会反射性地逃跑。在奔跑过程中,斑马会向不同方向移动身体部位。这导致条纹和相应的图案发生变化。
  •  对于观察者或攻击者来说,条纹会闪烁不定。斑马身上的条纹忽上忽下,让观察者或攻击者无所适从,以至于无法正确识别奔跑中的动物。于是斑马逃到了安全区,脱离了危险
  • 由生态学家布伦达-拉里森(Brenda Larison)领导的一个专家小组发现,斑马身上的条纹并不像人们想象的那样只是用来迷惑叮咬人的苍蝇。他们无法证实斑马的条纹与采采蝇在斑马奔跑时会被迷惑从而避开斑马的理论有任何联系。
  •  研究小组发现,条纹与环境温度之间更有可能存在联系。他们分析了不同地区的不同种群。环境温度越高,条纹图案就越明显,因此研究人员得出结论:条纹的功能就像一个天然冷却系统。
  •  毛皮上不同颜色的条纹使空气流动。因此,更多的汗水被蒸发,动物的皮肤也随之变凉。在较凉爽的地区,斑马的条纹图案就不那么明显了,因为这里不需要强降温。
  •  然而,拉里森也坚持采采蝇理论。他说,条带并不能减少苍蝇的数量,但能降低苍蝇携带的寄生虫传播的风险。
  • 2012年,由加利福尼亚大学的生物学家和野生动物专家蒂姆-卡罗(Tim Caro)领导的研究小组也关注了条纹的问题。通过视频分析,他们证明斑马条纹能阻止昆虫靠近。不过,他们也发现斑马会主动摆动尾巴来驱赶昆虫。
  • 条纹的问题可能会继续困扰科学家们。不过,到目前为止,大家似乎都同意这样一个论点,即条纹的功能不止一个。它们既能防虫,又能伪装和自然降温。尽管后者经常受到一些研究人员的质疑。
  • 顺便提一下:瑞典隆德大学的研究人员已经发现,斑马在子宫里就有黑色的皮毛。白色条纹是在小马驹出生前不久才长出来的。这意味着斑马身上有白色条纹。

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