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原子与分子。差异的简单解释 - Practical Tips

原子与分子。差异的简单解释

by Pramith

原子和分子之间的差异很快得到解释。这两个单位对于从化学的角度理解我们的世界都很重要。

简单解释分子和原子之间的区别

与分子不同,原子要小得多–因为分子是由原子组成的。分子是固体原子键。原子是最小的单位,物质可以通过化学或机械方式划分。

  • 然而,原子也是由不同的粒子、质子、中子和电子组成的。
  • 每个原子都有一个原子核。这是带正电的质子和中性的中子所在的地方。
  • 原子核被负电子环绕着。它们在不同的平面上移动,称为壳。

这就是建立固定连接的方式

原子有不同数量的壳,这取决于其电子数量。每个壳上最多可容纳八个电子。原子–你可以想象–从壳的内部到外部分布。

  • 最外面的,即所谓的价壳,相应地通常不完全被占用。然而,为了在其价壳中拥有八个电子,原子会形成化合物。然后我们称这些分子为。
  • 稳定的化合物是在原子结合时形成的,这样化合物中的每个原子都正好有八个价电子,但其中一些是与其他原子共享的。
  • 一个众所周知的例子:一个氧原子的价壳上缺少两个电子。因此,它与两个氢原子形成一个化合物,每个氢原子带来一个电子。这种化合物被称为H2O,更好地称为水。

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