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什么是法西斯主义者?简单解释 - Practical Tips

什么是法西斯主义者?简单解释

by Flo

什么是法西斯?法西斯主义者是–说得直白一点–法西斯主义的支持者。对于什么是法西斯主义以及如何定义法西斯主义,有不同的方法。

∮什么是法西斯主义和法西斯主义∮

 

法西斯主义者是法西斯主义的追随者,并实行法西斯主义。由于这种同义词没有什么好处,所以必须知道什么是法西斯主义,它的意识形态原则是什么,以及它的起源是什么。

  • 法西斯主义起源于意大利。这是一场由墨索里尼在1922年至1945年领导的政治运动,其特点是领袖原则、明显的民族主义、反民主主义以及准军事组织结构等。墨索里尼倒台后,意大利的类似倾向被称为新法西斯主义。
  • 法西斯主义一词来源于意大利语 “fascio”,意思是 “联盟”。从词源上看,这个词可以追溯到罗马帝国中作为权力象征的所谓的Lictor捆绑(fasces)。因此,这个词的引申是困难的或误导的,因为这个词并不表示它所代表的东西。这个词是墨索里尼的追随者创造的,作为一种自我称谓。
  • 对法西斯分子或法西斯主义没有一般的定义。很难缩小这个政治方向,因为今天被称为法西斯的运动并不这样称呼自己。因此,法西斯主义是一个主要在事后或由反对者确立的称呼。
  • 除了穆索里尼的法西斯主义,自1920年代以来,自第一次世界大战以来,想要废除民主结构的超国家统治体系都被称为法西斯主义。因此,例如,还有德国国家社会主义。然而,将其归于法西斯主义并不是无可争议的。一些历史学家认为这是对纳粹时代的轻描淡写,因为这个词没有充分反映当时的恐怖。

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