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金属是由什么构成的?简单解释 - Practical Tips

金属是由什么构成的?简单解释

by Flo

对于金属是由什么构成的问题,没有一般性的答案。然而,在这篇文章中,我们将解释哪些属性是金属的特点,哪些金属在我们的日常生活中特别常见。

这是你应该知道的。金属是由什么组成的?

金属不是一种具体的物质,而是一组化学元素的总称,具有非常相似的性质和特定的原子结构。

  • 周期表(PSE)中约80%的化学元素被归入金属组。
  • 最著名的代表是,例如,铁、铝、银或金。
  • 金属材料是经过技术加工的金属及其合金。
  • 四个化学特性是金属的特点:它们都是导电的,具有良好的导热性,在热的影响下可以变形,并表现出金属光泽。
  • 金属大多作为原材料存在于我们的地壳或地核中的矿石,并不以其纯粹的形式生产。从开采的矿石中,在加工过程中提取纯金属,并与其他岩石分离。

化学特性和金属分类

所有金属都有类似的化学结构。加工后的熔体凝固后形成结晶晶格结构,保证化学稳定性。

对于金属,有铁质和非铁质材料的区分。工业中使用的主要材料钢合金和铁铸件属于第一组。

  • 铁和钢也被列为重金属。汽车、桥梁或技术机器通常由这些物质制成。重金属必须通过外部保护来防止生锈。
  • 许多重金属对人类是危险的。某些铀和铅的同位素具有放射性,被用于核电站的能源转换。
  • 贵金属,如金、银或锗,特别耐氧化和生锈。
  • 轻金属是指密度小于每立方分米5公斤的所有金属材料。最常见的轻金属是铝,例如,用于飞机制造。

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