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IPv4与IPv6:这些是区别 - Practical Tips

IPv4与IPv6:这些是区别

by Johannes

IPv4与IPv6的比较使我们清楚地看到,近年来互联网和对它的要求发生了多快的变化。但这两个IP版本到底有什么不同呢?

IPv4与IPv6:这些是区别

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IP地址可用于识别互联网上的设备。这对于能够发送数据包是必要的。有两个不同的重要IP版本(IP=互联网协议),即IPv4和IPv6。这两者之间有几点不同。

  • 出版年份: IPv4在20世纪80年代初已经发展起来。另一方面,IPv6在90年代末才出现。
  • 地址结构:IPv4由0到255之间的四个数字组成,每个数字由一个点隔开。IP地址的长度为32位。另一方面,IPv6包含八个组,每个组有四个十六进制数字,用冒号隔开。这导致了128位地址。
  • 地址数量: IPv4地址的数量在理论上最多限制在43亿。由于IPv6下的128位IP地址,这里的地址数量要多得多(大约340六亿个地址)。
  • 安全: 当IPv6标准被引入时,人们更加关注安全问题。然而,随着IPv4的更新越来越多,两个版本的安全差异已经不是很大了,至少在IPv4网络也被网络供应商正确配置的情况下。
    • 速度: 理论上,IPv6应该比IPv4快。然而,由于较新的版本使用较大的数据包,它有时比旧的标准要慢一些,而旧的标准正在被越来越多地优化。然而,对于直接连接,两个版本的速度都一样快。
      • Configuration: IPv6包括IP地址的自动配置。在这个过程中,设备在启动时创建一个IPv6地址,并将自己整合到网络中。在IPv4网络中,你经常需要手动添加设备。
      • 多播寻址: IPv6支持多播寻址。这允许数据包流被平行地发送到多个目的地。这可以减少网络带宽

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