Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the rocket domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /var/www/practical-tips.com/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6114

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the wpforms-lite domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /var/www/practical-tips.com/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6114

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the soledad domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /var/www/practical-tips.com/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6114

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the wordpress-seo domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /var/www/practical-tips.com/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6114
量子密码学:加密系统的工作原理 - Practical Tips

量子密码学:加密系统的工作原理

by Mike

在日益网络化的世界中,量子密码学为安全通信和全面保护敏感数据开辟了令人着迷的新视角。

量子密码学的基础知识

量子密码学是一个基于量子力学原理的创新领域,有望将密码安全提升到一个新的水平。与传统加密技术不同,量子密码学利用量子粒子的独特性质来保护和传输信息。

  • 量子密码学的基本技术之一是量子密钥分发(QKD)。QKD 允许双方创建用于加密和解密信息的秘钥。
  • 这方面的一个突出例子是查尔斯-贝内特(Charles Bennett)和吉尔斯-布拉萨德(Gilles Brassard)于 1984 年开发的 BB84 协议。该协议使用不同极性的光子来传输密钥位。由于量子力学的原因,窃听者(夏娃)不可能在不干扰传输的情况下测量密钥,从而被检测到。
  • 量子密码学的一个基本概念是量子纠缠。在纠缠过程中,两个或多个粒子被带入一种状态,在这种状态下,即使距离很远,它们仍然保持连接。对其中一个粒子的任何测量都会立即影响另一个粒子的状态,从而实现信息的安全传输。
  • 这一原理可用于量子远距传物,在这种情况下,一个粒子的状态被转移到另一个粒子,而粒子并没有发生物理移动。

量子密码学的挑战和未来展望

随着量子计算的快速发展,我们正面临着密码学的新挑战和新机遇。

  • 基于量子力学定律的量子计算机有可能破解当今的许多加密系统。尤其是肖尔算法,它能在量子计算机上有效地计算素数,从而危及 RSA 等经典加密系统。
  • 格罗弗算法,另一种量子力学算法,可使对称加密方法的安全性减半。
  • 为了应对这种威胁,研究人员正在开发后量子加密技术。即使有了强大的量子计算机,这些新的加密方法仍应是安全的。与此同时,量子密码学的重要性也在不断增加,因为从理论上讲,它可以提供由量子力学原理保证的无条件安全性。
  • 量子密码学实际应用的一个重要方面是量子密钥分发(QKD)协议。为了提高安全性和效率,这些协议正在不断得到进一步发展。除 BB84 协议外,现在还有大量基于不同物理原理并具有特殊优势的其他 QKD 协议。

Related Articles

Leave a Comment