If you’ve ever asked yourself, “What are ROMs, anyway?” then here’s the answer: digital images of software that was originally stored on physical storage media such as cartridges, CDs, or hard drives.
What are ROMs? The basics
ROMs are the heart of retro games on emulators. They contain all the data from an original game that is needed to play it on modern devices. They enable programs to be run on modern hardware using emulators or serve as alternative operating systems for Android devices. However, their use is legally and technically complex.
- A ROM file is an exact digital copy of the memory chip of a game, e.g. of GameBoy cartridges or N64 modules
- With the help of special software, not only can the game be digitized, but it can also be played. These programs are called emulators. This means that you can use ROMs to play GameBoy games on your PC, among other things.
- In contrast to RAM, ROM permanently stores its data because the information is physically encoded in the memory cells – for example, by special transistors or charge carriers.
- Downloading ROMs without owning the original game is illegal because it violates copyrights. Even copying your own games is punishable if it bypasses copy protection mechanisms. You are using a game that is actually subject to a fee without paying for it. However, no private individual has yet been charged for using ROMs.
- Many ROM websites distribute malware or fraudulent software that can infect devices.
Android smartphone: What are custom ROMs?
Custom ROMs are alternative Android operating systems that replace the pre-installed system of a smartphone. They are created by developers or communities and often offer more freedom, better performance and longer update support than the original software. The counterpart to the custom ROM is the so-called stock ROM.
- Custom ROMs are modified versions of Android based on the open-source AOSP (Android Open Source Project) code that are customized for specific devices to provide more control over the system.
- Most smartphone manufacturers use the Android operating system for their devices. Custom ROMs are often developed by volunteer groups that make significant changes to the Android system.
- Custom ROMs do without the manufacturers’ pre-installed, often useless apps, which saves storage space and improves performance.
- Users receive timely security updates and new Android versions, even if the manufacturer has discontinued support. Advanced settings, themes and system optimizations allow for extensive personalization of the device.
- Older smartphones can be updated with the latest software using custom ROMs, which extends their lifespan.
- Installing a custom ROM may void the device’s warranty, especially for newer models. During installation, all data is deleted, so a complete backup is essential.
- Defective ROMs or improper installations can lead to instability, security vulnerabilities or even a “brick” (unusable device). Special features such as camera optimizations or proprietary sensors may not work or may only work to a limited extent.
