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霉菌毒素: 霉菌毒素是什么? - Practical Tips

霉菌毒素: 霉菌毒素是什么?

by Mike

霉菌毒素俗称霉菌。它们是自然产生的,可以在所有食物中找到。

这些是霉菌毒素

霉菌会在各种食物中传播,并以其代谢产物污染食物。由此产生的霉菌毒素也称为霉菌毒素。

  • 霉菌毒素种类繁多。它们的共同点是会导致人类和动物生病甚至死亡。例如,它们会损害肝脏和肾脏,或侵袭消化道。摄入霉菌毒素还可能诱发癌症。
  •  黄曲霉毒素是霉菌毒素的一种。它们主要出现在坚果、开心果或杏仁等富含脂肪的天然产品中。玉米也会受到黄曲霉毒素的侵染
  •  苹果也会受到霉菌毒素的影响。尤其是棒曲霉素,经常在水果中发现。
  • 咖啡、茶叶和干果偶尔会受到赭曲霉毒素的侵袭。
  • 谷物也容易受到霉菌毒素的影响。除了众所周知的麦角毒素外,伏马菌毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮也会传播到小麦、黑麦和燕麦等谷物中。

如何避免摄入霉菌毒素。

霉菌毒素的危险之处在于它们并不总能被识别出来。此外,加热也无法使它们变得无害。霉菌毒素只能通过实验室分析来检测。

  • 原则上,生产商有责任确保其产品中的霉菌毒素不超过规定的最高含量。这些规定可能因种植类型而异。在欧盟种植的水果、蔬菜和谷物受到非常严格的限制。因此,在我们的地区,食用所有种植产品都是非常安全的。
  •  水分尤其会导致霉菌释放有毒的代谢产物。因此,收获的农产品应保持干燥,以尽量减少毒素含量。
  •  不过,作为消费者,您对霉菌毒素含量的影响很小。不过,您应始终将食物存放在阴凉干燥的地方,以防止霉菌毒素的形成。
  • 您不应该为了能够吃到剩下的食物而简单地去除可见的霉菌。在大多数情况下,霉菌已经深入组织内部。因此,应大刀阔斧地切除发霉部位。如果做不到这一点,最好不要食用食物

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